$$ \alpha = \frac 1 V \left ( \frac{\partial V}{\partial T}\right )_P $$
$$ \kappa_T=-\frac 1 V\left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial P}\right)_T \qquad [1/Pa] $$
$$ \kappa_S=-\frac 1 V\left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial P}\right)_S $$
$$ \beta = \frac 1 p \left ( \frac{\partial p}{\partial T}\right )_V $$
焦汤系数$\mu$:温度随压强变化的变化率
$$ \mu=(\frac{\partial T}{\partial p})_H. $$
$\alpha T>1,\mu>0.$节流制冷区
绝热系数$\mu_S$ :
$$ \mu_S=(\frac{\partial T}{\partial p})_S. $$
$\mu_s>0$,绝热膨胀制冷
$$ \mu_m=\left ( \frac{\partial T}{\partial H} \right ) _S $$