1933 爱伦费斯特:固液气:[化学势连续,化学势一阶偏导突变]相变潜热$S\to L$&体积$V$的突变,亚稳态→一级相变

$$ L=T\left(S_{m}^{(2)}-S_{m}^{(1)}\right)\quad\Delta V_{m}=\left(V_{m}^{(2)}-V_{m}^{(1)}\right)\\d\mu=-S_{m}dT+V_{m}dP\\\to S_{m}=-\left(\frac{\partial\mu}{\partial T}\right){P}\quad V{m}=\left(\frac{\partial\mu}{\partial P}\right)_{T} $$

二级相变:

化学势、化学势的一阶偏导连续,二阶偏导数存在突变。

热容

$$ C_{Pm}=T\bigg(-\frac{\partial S_{m}}{\partial T}\bigg){P}=-T\bigg(\frac{\partial^{2}\mu}{\partial T^{2}}\bigg){P} $$

热膨胀系数

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压缩系数